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Glossary · Social engineering and simulation

Credential phishing

Phishing that leads to a fake sign-in page to capture usernames, passwords and sometimes MFA codes.

Also called credential harvesting

What is credential phishing?

Credential phishing is phishing designed to capture usernames and passwords, and increasingly MFA codes and session tokens, on a fake sign-in page that looks like Microsoft 365, Google, Okta or a bank.

How it works

Adversary-in-the-middle kits relay the victim’s sign-in to the real service in real time, so they capture the session even when the person completes MFA. Phishing-resistant MFA, such as passkeys and FIDO2 keys, defeats this relay.

Stolen credentials are sold, reused across services, and used for account takeover and business email compromise.

Why it matters

A valid sign-in looks like normal activity to most controls. Stopping credential phishing early prevents the account takeover that follows.

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